合并慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的炎性关节病患者使用肿瘤坏死因子-α拮抗剂的肝脏安全性前瞻性观察

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α拮抗剂对炎性关节病患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)再激活及肝功能的影响.方法 活动期类风湿关节炎(RA)及强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者根据HBV血清学指标分组,动态随访TNF-α拮抗剂治疗后HBV再激活及肝功能情况.多组间连续变量比较采用Kruskal-Wallis 非参数检验,分类变量比较采用x2检验或Fisher精确概率法.结果 50例患者完成随访,随访时间3～23个月.治疗后转氨酶水平慢性HBV感染组患者[11例,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST):(36+18) U/L,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT):(44±46)U/L]显著高于既往HBV感染组[16例,AST:(22±6)U/L,ALT:( 17±9) U/L]和无HBV感染组[23例,AST:( 19:±6) U/L,ALT:(15:±9) U/L](AST:x2=11.161,P＜0.01;ALT:x2=8.038,P＜0.01).1例基线HBV-DNA升高的AS患者治疗前加用拉米夫定,4个月后HBV-DNA降至接近正常;余10例基线HBV-DNA阴性的慢性HBV感染患者中,1例治疗后发生HBV再激活伴转氨酶升高,1例仅有转氨酶升高而HBV-DNA持续阴性,且停药后转氨酶自行回复正常,考虑为药物的肝损害.既往HBV感染组及无感染组患者治疗后未出现乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)转阳.结论 炎性关节病患者使用TNF-α拮抗剂前须筛查HBV感染及肝功能情况,治疗期间需密切监测肝功能及HBV再激活情况,基线HBV-DNA阳性(尤其＞105 copies/ml)或经济能力允许的合并慢性HBV感染的患者应在治疗前开始预防性抗病毒治疗.     

Investigation of the urge-to-cough sensation in healthy volunteers

Background and objective: Recently, there has been interest in the sensation of irritation that precedes the motor act of coughing, which has been termed the urge‐to‐cough (UTC). The aim of this study was to perform the largest evaluation to date of the UTC threshold (C_u) in a healthy population. The specific aims were to investigate the relationship between C_u and cough reflex sensitivity, to evaluate gender differences in the UTC and to assess the reproducibility of measurements of C_u. Methods: Standard capsaicin cough challenge methodology was employed to measure cough reflex sensitivity in 100 healthy adult non‐smokers (50 females) with the additional measurement of C_u. A subgroup of 40 subjects (20 males) underwent repeat cough challenges after 1 week to examine the reproducibility of the measurements. Results: All 100 subjects demonstrated motor cough in response to capsaicin. Twenty‐one subjects (10 females) did not show a discernible C_u, as the motor cough event preceded a UTC sensation unaccompanied by cough. Although cough reflex sensitivity, as measured by the concentration of capsaicin inducing five or more coughs (C₅), was enhanced in women, there was no gender difference in C_u. Similar to standard cough reflex sensitivity measurements, the measurement of C_u was highly reproducible. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the UTC threshold can be effectively and reproducibly measured using a modification of standard cough challenge methodology. Given its clinical significance as a prevalent symptom, UTC, as measured by C_u, represents an additional relevant end point for studies investigating the effects of pharmacological and other interventions in cough and cough reflex sensitivity.     

A comparison between dual axis rotational coronary angiography and conventional coronary angiography

Background: Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for the investigation of coronary artery disease, and is carried out in multiple, predefined stationary views, at different angulations around the patient, for both left and right coronary arteries. Dual axis rotational coronary angiography (DARA) is an alternative technique wherein the c‐arm rotates around the patient in a preprogrammed single acquisition, exposing the entire coronary artery at different angulations. The DARA system has been recently installed in the Cardiac Catheterisation Suite at Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, where a monoplane and a biplane machine are available. This study was carried out in order to compare DARA with conventional single and biplane coronary imaging, with respect to radiation dose, contrast loads, and procedure time. Methods: This study was carried out over the period from September to December 2010. Four hundred sixty‐three patients were studied. Patients referred for the investigation of native coronary anatomy, for whatever indication, were consented and included, and randomly assigned to one of four groups depending on which machine and modality was used: monoplane conventional, monoplane DARA, biplane conventional, and biplane DARA. Results: DARA was statistically significantly superior in dose area product, fluoroscopy time, amount of contrast used, and procedure time. These reductions ranged between 12 (contrast used) and 71% (procedure time). Conclusions: The advantages of such systems are obvious to both patient and healthcare provider, and DARA may prove to be an important and useful tool in the refinement of diagnostic coronary angiography by reducing patient contrast and radiation doses and reducing procedure time. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

影响系统性红斑狼疮活动指数评分的主要指标分析

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)住院患者的分布特征、临床表现、实验室指标及活动指标,为临床诊断提供更多的参考.方法 收集2006年1月至2010年6月宁夏医科大学总医院1037例SLE住院患者的病案资料.采用t检验和x2检验进行统计学分析.结果 5年住院病例呈逐年上升趋势;发病特点以20～40岁女性最为常见,占67.5％,男女比例为1∶8.26.关节痛是最常见的首发症状,占54.3％,其次是皮疹,占48.2％;补体C3下降、蛋白尿、血小板降低和抗dsDNA阳性可以作为SLE早期诊断的指标.综合分析SLE疾病活动指数(SLEDAI )＞9的患者占26.0％,影响SLEDAI活动指数评分的主要指标是:发热、关节痛、皮疹、蛋白尿、补体降低、抗dsDNA抗体滴度升高、胸膜炎、脱发、口腔溃疡、心包炎、活动性神经精神症状、血小板降低;活动组在发热、关节痛、皮疹、面部红斑、肺脏损害、脱发、口腔溃疡、心脏损害、神经精神症状和肾脏损害等的发生率均高于非活动组.抗dsDNA抗体滴度、红细胞沉降率和C3、C4水平异常发生率等指标在活动组均高于非活动组.结论 SLE是多系统、多脏器受累的疾病,在临床症状和免疫学指标上有其特征性改变,因而重视早期诊断,掌握疾病的发病特征和规律,正确判断病情的活动,对采取合理有效的治疗,延缓SLE患者病情发展,改善预后具有重要意义.     

老年急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床特点分析

目的：分析老年非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）患者的临床特点。方法：回顾分析我院2008年1月至2010年12月43例急性NSTEMI患者的临床特点。结果：43例急性NSTEMI患者中,（1）危险因素及病史：38例（88．4％）患者伴有2～4个危险因素,40例（93．0％）有心绞痛病史,14例（32．6％）有陈旧性心肌梗死;（2）临床表现：36例有胸痛（83．7％）,35例（81．3％）NYHA心功能2—3级,40例（93．1％）心电图见ST—T段改变,43例（100．0％）心肌肌钙蛋白T水平升高,32例（74．4％）肌酸激酶-同工酶水平升高≥2倍;（3）冠脉造影检查,37例（100％）均有单支或多支病变,多支病变患者35例（94．6％）;（4）治疗、合并症及预后：在常规内科药物治疗基础上,31例（72．1％）行PCI治疗,3例（7．0％）行冠状动脉旁路移植术,合并急性左心衰竭13例（30．2％）,心源性休克5例（11．6％）,恶性心律失常5例（11．6％）,死亡6例（14．0％）。结论：老年非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者合并冠心病的危险因素多,多支病变常见,心功能不全多见,血运重建率高,远期预后较差。     

120例川崎病合并脏器损害回顾性分析

目的：回顾性分析川崎病（KD）患儿合并脏器损害的临床类型及其高危因素。方法：采用回顾性调查方法,总结分析2005年1月至2010年10月120例住院KD患儿的临床资料,分析本病合并脏器损害的类型,同步分析脏器损害与年龄、热程、血生化指标及治疗时间等之间的关系。结果：KD脏器损害包括（1）心血管系统损害82例（68.3%）,呼吸系统损害55例（45.83%）,肝脏损害77例（64.2%）,消化道异常18例（15.0%）,泌尿系统异常15例（12.50%）,血液系统异常主要表现在血小板升高133例（94.17%）;（2）年龄〈1岁,热程≥10d,血小板计数（PLT）≥300×109/L的KD患儿多脏器功能障碍的发生率明显高于年龄〉1岁（85.0%比73.1%）,热程〈10d（87.8%比64.8%）,PLT〈300×109/L（79.0%比50.0%）的KD患儿,P均〈0.05。结论：川崎病可以引起多脏器功能障碍。特别是在年龄〈1岁,热程≥10d,PLT≥300×109/L的川崎病患儿,更要警惕多脏器功能障碍的发生。     

护理干预对哮喘患者吸入糖皮质激素治疗依从性的影响

目的护理干预对哮喘患者糖皮质激素吸入治疗的效果与治疗依从性分析。方法选取2010年1月—2011年12月在我科应用糖皮质激素治疗依从性差的84例中重度哮喘患者,随机分为两组,每组42例,调查分析患者治疗依从性,对比两组服药依从性。结果干预组42例患者,治疗依从率为88.10%,哮喘症状评分为(24.1±0.9)分;对照组42例患者,治疗依从率为19.05%,哮喘症状评分为(13.9±0.7)分。护理干预组的治疗依从性明显较好(P<0.05),疗效显著提高(P<0.05)。结论针对性护理干预能够有效提高患者糖皮质激素治疗依从性,提高疗效。     

静脉用左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺对急性失代偿心力衰竭患者有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的分析比较静脉用左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺对急性失代偿心力衰竭患者的安全性和有效性。方法通过检索PubMed、EMbase、万方、中国知网等数据库,查找静脉用左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗急性失代偿心力衰竭的随机对照实验(RCT),检索时间为1990-01-01—2011-12-15。再按纳入标准进行RCT的筛选、资料提取和证据质量评价后,利用RevMan5.0软件进行Meta分析,利用漏斗图进行证据质量评价。结果共纳入7个研究,共334例患者。Meta分析显示:(1)有效性方面:在治疗前,LVEF没有差异〔SMD=-0.74,95%CI(-1.46.-0.01),P=0.05〕;在治疗后,左西孟旦组较多巴酚丁胺组的LVEF有了显著升高〔SMD=3.18,95%CI(2.40,3.96),P<0.00001〕。(2)安全性方面:左西孟旦组与多巴酚丁胺组所致不良反应差别不大〔SMD=0.59,95%CI(0.26,1.35),P=0.21〕。结论与多巴酚丁胺比较,左西孟旦能显著提高急性失代偿心力衰竭LVEF,改善患者临床症状,值得在临床推广使用,但两者在不良反应方面差别不大。由于纳入研究的样本数较少,多中心、大样本、双盲随机对照试验应进一步验证。